The vertical approach relates to 10 separate directives on:

It should be mentioned that DG AGRI is also the author of much food legislation. This legislation, mainly relating to:

• animal feedingstuffs
• plant health
• animal health
• seeds and seedlings
• market organisation
  is excluded from this list.

Legislative acts for which DG ENV is responsible, for example Directive 80/778/EEC on water intended for human consumption (which would fit in the group of vertical directives), and Euratom measures on radioactive contamination, are also excluded.

Conclusion:

Horizontal approach

Labelling 3 Food additives 2 Processing aids 1 Materials in contact with food 1 Foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses 2 Control and hygiene 3 Contamination 1 Manufacturing and processing of foodstuffs 2 Scientific cooperation 1 Food irradiation 1 Total 17

Vertical approach

Erucic acid 1 Cocoa and chocolate products 1 Sugars 1 Honey 1 Fruit juices and similar products 1 Fruit jams, jellies, marmalades and chestnut puree 1 Dehydrated preserved milk 1 Caseins and caseinates 1 Mineral waters 1 Coffee and chicory extracts 1 Total 10

Total: 27

2.2. ENUMERATION OF THE LEGISLATION

2.2.1. HORIZONTAL APPROACH

2.2.1.1.Labelling

2.2.1.1.1.Labelling, presentation and advertising

Council Directive 79/112/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs for sale to the ultimate consumer, amended by: Council Directive 85/7/EEC Council Directive 86/197/EEC Council Directive 89/395/EEC Commission Directive 91/72/EEC Commission Directive 93/102/EEC Commission Directive 95/42/EC European Parliament and Council Directive 97/4/EC Allied measures: 1)Commission Directive 87/250/EEC on the indication of alcoholic strength by volume in the labelling of alcoholic beverages for sale to the ultimate consumer 2)Commission Directive 94/54/EC concerning the compulsory indication on the labelling of certain foodstuffs of particulars other than those provided for in Council Directive 79/112/EEC, amended by: Council Directive 96/21/EC 3)Commission Directive 99/10/EC providing for derogations from the provisions of Article 7 of Council Directive 79/112/EEC as regards the labelling of foodstuffs Independent measure: 1)Commission Regulation (EC) n° 1813/97 concerning the compulsory indication on the labelling of certain foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 79/112/EEC 2)Council Regulation (EC) n° 1139/98 concerning the compulsory indication of the labelling of certain foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 79/112/EEC

2.2.1.1.2. Identification of the lot to which a foodstuff belongs

Council Directive 89/396/EEC on indications or marks identifying the lot to which a foodstuff belongs, amended by: Council Directive 91/238/EEC Council Directive 92/11/EEC

2.2.1.1.3. Nutrition labelling

Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs

2.2.1.2. Food additives

2.2.1.2.1. Authorised food additives

Framework directive: Council Directive 89/107/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning food additives authorised for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption, amended by: European Parliament and Council Directive 94/34/EC Specific directives: 1)European Parliament and Council Directive 94/35/EC on sweeteners for use in foodstuffs, amended by: European Parliament and Council Directive 96/83/EC 2)European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC on colours for use in foodstuffs 3)European Parliament and Council Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners, amended by: European Parliament and Council Directive 96/85/EC European Parliament and Council Directive 98/72/EC Implementing measures: 1)Council Directive 67/427/EEC on the use of certain preservatives for the surface treatment of citrus fruit and on the control measures to be used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of preservatives in and on citrus fruit 2)Council Directive 78/663/EEC laying down specific criteria of purity for emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents for use in foodstuffs (itself amended by Council Directive 82/504/EEC and Commission Directives 90/612/EEC, 92/4/EEC and 95/31/EEC 3)Commission Directive 81/712/EEC laying down Community methods of analysis for verifying that certain additives used in foodstuffs satisfy criteria of purity 4)Commission Directive 95/31/EC laying down specific criteria of purity concerning sweeteners for use in foodstuffs, amended by: Commission Directive 98/66/EC 5)Commission Directive 95/45/EC laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in foodstuffs, amended by: Commission Directive 99/75/EC 6)Commission Directive 96/77/EC laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colours and sweeteners, amended by: Commission Directive 98/86/EC Allied measure: European Parliament and Council Decision 97/292/EC on the maintenance of national laws prohibiting the use of certain additives in the production of certain specific foodstuffs

2.2.1.2.2. Flavourings

Framework directive: Council Directive 88/388/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to flavourings for use in foodstuffs and to source materials for their production Allied decision: Council Decision 88/389/EEC on the establishment, by the Commission, of an inventory of the source materials and substances used in the preparation of flavourings Specific regulation: European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) n° 2232/96 laying down a Community procedure for flavouring substances used or intended for use in and on foodstuffs, as implemented by: Commission Decision 99/217/ECadopting a register of flavouring substances used in or on foodstuffs drawn up in application of Regulation (EC) n° 2232/96. Implementing measure: Commission Directive 91/71/EEC completingCouncil Directive 88/388/EECon the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to flavourings for use in foodstuffs and to source materials for their production

2.2.1.3. Processing aids

2.2.1.3.1. Extraction solvents

Council Directive 88/344/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States on extraction solvents used in the production of foodstuffs and food ingredients, amended by: Council Directive 92/115/EEC European Parliament and Council Directive 94/52/EC European Parliament and Council Directive 97/60/EC

2.2.1.4. Materials and articles in contact with food

Council Directive 89/109/EEC on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs (replacing and repealing Council Directive 76/893/EEC as amended by Council Directives 80/1276/EEC and 85/7/EEC) Specific directives under Directive 76/893/EEC, replaced by Council Directive 89/109/EEC: 1)Council Directive 78/142/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to materials and articles which contain vinyl chloride monomer and are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, implemented by:    1.1.Commission Directive 80/766/EEC laying down the Community method of analysis for the official control of the vinyl chloride monomer level in materials and articles which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs    1.2.Commission Directive 81/432/EEC laying down the Community method of analysis for the official control of vinyl chloride released by materials and articles into foodstuffs 2)Council Directive 82/711/EEC laying down the basic rules for testing migration of the constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, amended by: Commission Directive 93/8/EEC Commission Directive 97/48/EC and implemented by: Council Directive 85/572/EEClaying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs 3)Commission Directive 90/128/EEC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, amended by: Commission Directive 92/39/EEC Commission Directive 93/9/EEC Commission Directive 95/3/EC Commission Directive 96/11/EC Commission Directive 99/91/EC 4)Council Directive 84/500/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to ceramic articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs 5)Commission Directive 93/10/EEC relating to materials and articles made of regenerated cellulose film intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, amended by: Commission Directive 93/111/EEC 6)Commission Directive 93/11/EEC concerning the release of the N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances from elastomer or rubber teats and soothers Implementing measure under Directive 76/893/EEC replaced by Council Directive 89/109/EEC: Commission Directive 80/590/EEC determining the symbol that may accompany materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs

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2.2.1.5. Foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses

2.2.1.5.1. Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses

Council Directive 89/398/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses, amended by: European Parliament and Council Directive 96/84/EC European Parliament and Council Directive 99/41/EC Specific directives: 1)Commission Directive 91/321/EEC on infant formulae and follow-on formulae, amended by: Commission Directive 96/4/EC Commission Directive 99/50/EC 2)Commission Directive 96/5/EC, Euratom on processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children, amended by: Commission Directive 98/36/EC Commission Directive 99/39/EC 3)Commission Directive 96/8/EC on foods intended for use in energy-restricted diets for weight reduction 4)Commission Directive 99/21/EC on dietary foods for special medical purposes

2.2.1.5.2. Infant formulae intended for export to third countries

Council Directive 92/52/EEC on infant formulae and follow-on formulae intended for export to third countries

2.2.1.6. Control and hygiene

2.2.1.6.1. Official control of foodstuffs

Council Directive 89/397/EEC on the official control of foodstuffs Supplementing measure: Council Directive 93/99/EEC on the subject of additional measures concerning the official control of foodstuffs

2.2.1.6.2. Methods of sampling and analysis for the monitoring of foodstuffs

Council Directive 85/591/EEC concerning the introduction of Community methods of sampling and analysis for the monitoring of foodstuffs intended for human consumption

2.2.1.6.3. Hygiene of foodstuffs

Council Directive 93/43/EEC on the hygiene of foodstuffs Implementing measures: 1)Commission Directive 96/3/Euratom, ECSC,EC granting a derogation from certain provisions of Council Directive 93/43/EEC on the hygiene of foodstuffs as regards the transport of bulk liquid oils and fats by sea 2)Commission Decision 97/830/EC repealing Commission Decision 97/613/EC and imposing special conditions on the import of pistachios and certain products derived from pistachios originating in, or consigned from Iran 3)Commission Decision 98/116/EC on special measures for the import of fruit and vegetables originating in or consigned from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique 4)Commission Directive 98/28/EC granting a derogation from certain provisions of Directive 93/43/EEC on the hygiene of foodstuffs as regards the transport by sea of bulk raw sugar 5)Commission Decision 99/356/EC on the temporary suspension of imports of peanuts and certain products derived from peanuts originating in or consigned from Egypt

2.2.1.7. Contamination

2.2.1.7.1. Community procedures for contaminants in food

Council Regulation (EEC) n° 315/93 laying down Community procedures for contaminants in food Implementing measure: Commission Regulation (EC) n° 194/97 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, as amended by: Commission Regulation (EC) n° 1528/99 Commission Regulation (EC) n° 864/99 Commission Regulation (EC) n° 1566/99

2.2.1.8. Manufacturing and processing of foodstuffs

2.2.1.8.1. Quick-frozen foodstuffs

Council Directive 89/108/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to quick-frozen foodstuffs for human consumption Implementing measures: 1)Commission Directive 92/1/EEC on the monitoring of temperatures in the means of transport, warehousing and storage of quick-frozen foodstuffs intended for human consumption 2)Commission Directive 92/2/EEC laying down the sampling procedure and the Community method of analysis for the official control of the temperatures of quick-frozen foods intended for human consumption

2.2.1.8.2. Novel foods and novel food ingredients

European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) n° 258/97 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients

2.2.1.9. Scientific cooperation

Council Directive 93/5/EEC on assistance to the Commission and co-operation by the Member States in the scientific examination of questions relating to food Implementing measures: 1)Commission Decision 94/458/EC on the administrative management of co-operation in the scientific examination of questions relating to food 2)Commission Decision 94/652/EC establishing the inventory and distribution of tasks to be undertaken within the framework of co-operation by Member States in the scientific examination of questions relating to food, amended by: Commission Decision 95/142/EC Commission Decision 95/492/EC Commission Decision 96/460/EC Commission Decision 97/174/EC Commission Decision 97/576/EC Commission Decision 98/177/EC Commission Decision 98/479/EC Commission Decision 99/134/EC Commission Decision 99/634/EC

2.2.1.10. Food irradiation

European Parliament and Council Directive 99/2/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation Implementing measure European Parliament and Council Directive 99/3/EC on the establishment of a Community list of foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation

2.3. OTHER MEASURES RELATING TO FOODSTUFFS

• Council Decision 69/414/EECsetting up a Standing Committee for Foodstuffs
  (OJ L 291, 19.11.1969)
  
• Commission Decision 80/1073/EECestablishing a new Statute of the Advisory Committee on Foodstuffs
  (OJ L 318, 26.11.1980)
  
• Commission Recommendation 80/1089/EEC to the Member States concerning tests relating to the safety evaluation of food additives
  (OJ L 320, 27.11.1980)
  
• Communication from the Commission to the Council and to the European Parliament.
  Completion of the Internal Market: Community legislation on foodstuffs
  (COM(85)603 final)
  
• Communication on the free movement of foodstuffs within the Community
  (OJ C 271, 24.10.1989)
  
• Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Official Control of Foodstuffs. Execution of Directive 89/397/EEC
  (COM(90)392 final)
  
• Commission Recommendations concerning a coordinated programme for the official control of foodstuffs. The references are:
     - for 1993: Recommendation 92/540/EEC
     - for 1994: Recommendation 94/175/EC
     - for 1995: Recommendation 95/77/EC
     - for 1996: Recommendation 96/290/EC
     - for 1997: Recommendation 97/77/EC
     - for 1998: Recommendation 98/133/EC
     - for 1999: Recommendation 99/26/EC
  
• Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Article 14 of Council Directive 89/397/EEC of 14 June on the official control of foodstuffs
  (COM(94)567 final)
  
• Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Official control of foodstuffs. Execution of Council Directive 89/397/EEC. Amendments to Annex I
  (COM(91)274 final)
  
• Interpretative Commission Communication on the names under which foodstuffs are sold
  (OJ C 270, 15.10.1991)
  
• Interpretative Commission Communication concerning the use of languages in the marketing of foodstuffs in the light of the judgement in the Peeters case
  (COM(93)532 final)
  
• Commission Recommendation 97/618/EC concerning the scientific aspects and the presentation of information necessary to support applications for the placing on the market of novel foods and novel food ingredients and the preparation of initial assessment reports under Regulation (EC) n° 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  (OJ L 253, 16.09.1997)
  
• The general principles of food law in the European Union - Commission Green Paper
  (COM(97)176 final)
  

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